Buffalo Springs Reserve covers 194 squared km on the southern bank of the Uaso Nyiro river, linked by a bridge to the Samburu Reserve on the northern bank. The reserve has unique landscapes of rounded and rugged hills and undulating plains.

The riverine forest of doum palms and acacia trees is home to many of the animals unique to the northern parts of Kenya - oryx, reticulated gitaffe, Grevy Zebra, and gerunuk - as well as elephant, lion and leopard. Many crocodile live in the river.